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Journal and News Scan
May 25, 2023
Submitted by: Cameron Lind
A study found that patients who underwent a second TAVR procedure were no more likely to experience adverse outcomes than those who have only undergone one TAVR. Because TAVR patients are expanding into younger populations, the analysis of registry data is important in informing decision making among these patients, who are more likely to need a second TAVR in their lifetimes.
May 25, 2023
Submitted by: Cameron Lind
Pectus excavatum is frequently associated with congenital heart disease that requires surgery. This comprehensive review of pectus excavatum in children and adults describes the morphology, pathophysiology, indications for repair, surgical strategies, and clinical outcomes.
May 25, 2023
Submitted by: Cameron Lind
Seventeen procedures were identified by a Delphi process as feasible for simulation-based training. The top five were video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy; VATS segmentectomy; VATS mediastinal lymph node dissection; diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy and robot-assisted thoracic port placement; and robot-assisted surgery docking and undocking. The authors concluded these procedures should be integrated in the thoracic surgery curriculum and should specifically be taught using simulation-based training.
May 19, 2023
Submitted by: Jo Chikwe
In 737 patients who underwent esophagectomy at an experienced single center, strictures developed in 105 patients, or 14 percent, that required endoscopic dilation within a year. Risk factors for stricture included anastomotic leaks (hazard ratio [HR], 2.5), and anastomotic techniques other than triangular linear stapling with 60 mm staplers, which had a stricture rate of 3.2 percent (manual sewing: HR, 9.6; circular stapling: HR, 66.5; hybrid linear stapling: HR, 5.4). The authors conclude that a large anastomosis area with triangular linear stapling prevents strictures after esophagectomy.
May 19, 2023
Submitted by: Cameron Lind
According to a presentation at the 103rd AATS Annual Meeting, Black cardiothoracic surgeons earn just 76–85 percent of the mean salary earned by white cardiothoracic surgeons. This number accompanies low diversity among the workforce. Presenters concluded that future studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of salary disparity and how to develop a more diverse workforce.
May 19, 2023
Submitted by: EACTS Staff
The authors sought differences in ninety-day postoperative mortality for patients treated with thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for descending necrotic mediastinitis (DNM). Sicker patients were more frequently treated with VATS. Although VATS patients had higher complication and reoperation rates, the risk-adjusted difference for ninety-day mortality was not statistically significantly different between thoracotomy and VATS.
May 19, 2023
Submitted by: Cameron Lind
When compared to population-based models, a machine learning-based model improved prediction of mortality risk for cardiac surgery patients. The team used electronic health record data and machine learning methods to demonstrate how institutions can build their own mortality prediction models. The models were tested against STS population-based models for five different surgeries, and were found to have higher accuracy, precision, and recall for each of them.
May 11, 2023
Submitted by: Cameron Lind
A lab focused on how artificial intelligence technology can improve the treatment of cardiovascular disease has tested the ability of ChatGPT to answer assessment questions from the American Board of Thoracic Surgery. ChatGPT-4 achieved an accuracy of 81.3 percent. The results prove that the AI model shows the ability to understand complex thoracic surgical clinical information, which the authors suggest could be developed into personalized learning platforms for trainees.
May 11, 2023
Submitted by: Cameron Lind
This single institution study retrospectively reviewed the outcome of pediatric Ebstein’s anomaly surgical correction. Of the 188 patients with a median (IQR) age of three years (1.6–5.6), 108 had cone reconstruction. Nearly 30 percent of patients required a bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt. Another 12 percent developed recurrent moderate to severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR). There was a lower incidence of recurrent TR in the group undergoing cone reconstruction. The age group of patients did not appear to affect the incidence of recurrent TR, reoperation, or death.
May 11, 2023
Submitted by: Jo Chikwe
Between 2011 and 2020, 14,704 isolated tricuspid operations were reported in The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database, and 6,507 cases were identified after excluding emergencies, endocarditis, stenosis, and prior heart transplants. Operative mortality was 7.3 percent, and 1.7 percent in elective patients without heart failure, organ dysfunction, or prior surgery. Heart failure (odds ratio [OR] 1.6), higher Model For End-Stage Liver Disease score, tricuspid replacement (OR 1.56), and annual center volume < 5 cases per year (OR 1.37) were associated with worse operative mortality, suggesting early referral to higher volume centers may improve outcomes.