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Journal and News Scan
September 25, 2018
Submitted by: Mark Ferguson
This comprises the eagerly anticipated summary of the second primary endpoint of the PACIFIC trial of Durvalumab vs placebo in patients who completed CT/RT without progression for unresectable stage III NSCLC. Durvalumab significantly improved overall survival, progression free survival, and time to distant metastasis or death. No new safety concerns were raised.
September 21, 2018
Submitted by: Emily Robinson
Patient Care and General Interest
A man who received quintuple bypass surgery in Little Rock, Arkansas, USA, plans to cycle a 50-mile race only two months later.
A woman in Denver, Colorado, USA, was told she had 6-9 months to live after being diagnosed with Stage 3 lung cancer; however, after participating in clinical trials for lung cancer treatment, she is doing well 10 years later.
Drugs and Devices
A hospital in New Jersey, USA, is testing an artificial intelligence device designed to detect bleeding during endovascular procedures.
The US Food and Drug Administration has approved the PK Papyrus covered coronary stent system for the treatment of acute coronary artery perforations during PCI, the first device to be approved for this indication in 17 years.
A study by the New York University School of Medicine in New York City suggests that an artificial intelligence tool can diagnose non-small cell lung cancer types with 97 percent accuracy.
Research, Trials, and Funding
A paper published in the Irish Journal of Medical Science indicates that undetected cases of high cholesterol are adding to the incidence of cardiovascular disease, which is the greatest cause of death in Ireland.
A Journal of the American College of Cardiology study of off-pump versus on-pump CABG suggests that the on-pump approach provides superior long-term survival.
September 21, 2018
Submitted by: Emily Robinson
Poh and colleagues analyzed the results of the Ross procedure in 129 patients with bicuspid aortic valve and pure aortic regurgitation. The mean age at surgery was 34.7 ± 10.6 years and mean length of follow-up was 9.6 ± 6.8 years. Late survival at 10 and 20 years after surgery were 99% and 95%, respectively, and aortic valve redo surgery was necessary in 11 patients. Longer aortic cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times and larger preoperative sinotubular junction diameter were predictors of having redo aortic valve surgery.
September 19, 2018
Submitted by: Marco Nardini
This comphrensive review by Spadaccio and Benedetto try to address the unanswered question: to stent or not to stent?
The conclusions underline that the higher cerebrovascular risks associated with surgery are still overcome by long term outcome.
September 19, 2018
Submitted by: Emily Robinson
Management of tricuspid endocarditis in this single institution study of 63 patients included repair, replacement, and excision. Repair patients were older and sicker. Acute outcomes were similar among the groups. Valvectomy patients had a lower rate of readmission during the first postoperative year, highlighting this approach as a useful strategy for identifying eventual candidates for valve replacement.
September 19, 2018
Submitted by: Emily Farkas
A New York Times journalist travels with Team Heart, a nonprofit organization providing humanitarian heart surgery for rheumatic disease in Rwanda. In addition to highlighting the overwhelming need, her perspective illuminates some harsh realities of these efforts in resource-poor countries. Examples include the cultural repercussions of mechanical valves in females of childbearing age and the challenging surgical judgment required when operating on patients who are sick enough to warrant surgery, yet not too sick to survive in the context of limited perioperative support. Dr. Ralph Bolman III, Dr. Thoralf Sundt, and Dr. Bruce Leavitt are among the physicians participating in the effort and featured story.
September 18, 2018
Submitted by: Emily Robinson
This study compares the early outcomes and hospital charges associated with early primary repair vs systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt for neonates and young infants. The Pediatric Health Information System database was queried for patients <90 days of age with primary diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot who underwent nonelective surgical repair or palliation between January 2008 and December 2014. The initial cohort of 821 patients (group 1 early primary repair, N = 554; group 2 systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt, N = 267) was propensity score matched (248 patients in each group) to account for baseline imbalances in age and prostaglandin use. The analysis suggests that the two approaches are comparable with regard to morbidity, mortality and hospital resource utilization. The article is accompanied by separate Invited Commentaries, by Emile Bacha, MD and by Yves D’Udekem, MD, PhD.
September 16, 2018
Submitted by: Joel Dunning
Results of a clinical trial using transcatheter aortic valve replacement provided a "strong signal" that it is safe for patients with low surgical risk, potentially helping to open the way for broader use of the minimally invasive procedure, also known as TAVR.
The Low-Risk TAVR trial results, presented this week at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2018 showed no deaths or disabling strokes within 30 days of undergoing the procedure for 200 patients with low surgical risk who participated in the study, led by MedStar Heart & Vascular Institute at MedStar Washington Hospital Center.
The results of the trial, the first of its kind, approved by the Food and Drug Administration, were published online in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.
September 16, 2018
Submitted by: Joel Dunning
The highly respected Cochrane Collaboration is in crisis today at its 25th annual meeting in Edinburgh as one board member is expelled and six more resign. There are more links below but it seems to have been over a dispute regarding the independence of authors and members with regards to links to industry and pharmaceutical companies. Here is a statement from the rump governing board, released yesterday:
https://www.cochrane.org/news/message-governing-board
Peter Gøtzsche's statement: "I regret to inform you that I have been expelled from membership in the Cochrane Collaboration by the favourable vote of six of the 13 members of the governing board."
https://nordic.cochrane.org/sites/nordic.cochrane.org/files/public/uploads/moral_crisis_in_cochrane.pdf
Four other members of the board have resigned: Gerald Gartlehner, David Hammerstein, Joerg Meerpohl, and Nancy Santesso.
https://austria.cochrane.org/news/why-we-resigned
Two other members of the governing bord (Rae Lamb and Catherine Marshall) resigned because of governance issues.
https://www.cochrane.org/news/message-governing-board
This dispute has been going on for some time but the trigger may have been the critique of the Cochrane reivew of HPV vaccines (not of the vaccines themselves, but of the methods used):
https://ebm.bmj.com/content/early/2018/07/27/bmjebm-2018-111012
Here is the Cochrane editor in chief's response to the critique:
https://www.cochrane.org/news/cochranes-editor-chief-responds-bmj-ebm-article-criticizing-hpv-review
Responses to this will be published in BMJ-EBM. Earlier coverage is published in BMJ and The Lancet. There is a lot more but these are all the public facts up to now.
Cochrane HPV vaccine review: BMJ journal defends "inconvenient criticisms."
https://www.bmj.com/content/362/bmj.k3927.full
Details provided by professor Tom Jefferson, senior associate tutor.
September 14, 2018
Submitted by: Emily Robinson
Patient Care and General Interest
3D personalized simulations of patient hearts reportedly allow physicians to better locate and treat arrhythmias.
A six-year-old girl became the first patient to receive congenital open heart surgery in Mali.
Star LA Dodgers closer Kenley Jansen will need to undergo a second ablation procedure at the end of the baseball season to correct an irregular heartbeat.
A study published in CHEST suggests the prevalence of racial disparities in the United States regarding the surgical treatment of lung cancer, even in relation to participants in the National Lung Screening Trial.
Jonathan Chen has joined the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia as its new Chief of the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery.
Research, Trials, and Funding
A new meta-analysis indicates that TAVR patients who are discharged early do not fare worse than patients with longer hospital stays.
Data from the IMPULSE registry suggests that many patients in European countries with aortic stenosis who have no related symptoms are being sent for aortic valve replacement, despite the absence of guideline-recommended indications.
A study from the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute in China suggests that patients with primary left lung cancer who undergo 4L lymph node dissection have more favorable outcomes than those who do not receive 4L dissection.